Activation of the trigeminovascular system plays a central role, with the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) contributing to the characteristic throbbing pain and associated symptoms like photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and aura [7]
Incretins or anti-incretins
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It is unclear why directionality would vary between studies, although we note these studies were performed in specific disease contexts, and are in substantially smaller samples
Key qualifiers: "many members" (not all), "up to 25%" (a ceiling, not an average), "over time" (not a specific timeframe)